I was at the ENA STAT Conference and came back energized and filled with new ideas. Denise Ramponi, MSN, CRNP, CEN, DNP-S, presented a session titled “Reducing Pediatric Procedural Pain in the Emergency Department.” During the session she encouraged us to “be advocates for your pediatric patients to reduce their pain.” She also reminded us that, “Poorly managed pain has both long-term and short-term negative effects on children.”
She reviewed a number of non-pharmacological methods. Family presence: evidence suggeststhat parents should be allowed to be present with their children during minor procedures. Parents should be given specific instructions including methodsto minimize distress including maintaining a calm and positive atmosphere.
Verbalizations: reassuring comments, although instinctual, is ineffective and should be avoided because it increases distress in children. Examples of these reassuring comments that should be avoided include “You can do this”; “Don’t worry”‘ or “You’re okay”. She commented that we should state what we want the child should do, such as “Try to hold still”, “Try to blow the hurt away”. Avoid telling the child what they should not do; such as “Don’t move”, which evokes fear in the child.
Positioning: forcing a child to lay supine often results in panic, crying and strubbling. Comfort positions,such as sitting chest to chest or sitting in the parent’s lap, allow the parent to participate in a positive, supportive manner.
Distraction: distractors should be developmentally appropriate, such as books, blowing bubbles, games, can capture the child’s interest and be helpful in procedures. She reviewed a variety of pharmacological methods include the use of topical local anesthetics. Topical anesthetics should be considered before performing simple minor procedrues, such as venipunctures, IV starts, laceration repair, insertion of foley catheters, and lumbar punctures.
Given the strong evidence that topical local anesthetics greatly reduce pain and distress associated with venipunctures and IV starts, it should be standard practice for non-emergent needle procedures.
A Resolution on “Improving pediatric procedural pain management in the Emergency Department Setting” was presented at the General Assembly by ENA members: Denise Ramponi, CRNP, CEN, DNP-S of Pittsburgh, PA and Rhonda Morgan, MSN, CEN, DNP-S of Ashville, TN to the 800 voting members of the ENA General Assembly. It was suggested that ENA adopt a Pediatric Procedural Pain Management Position statement. It also suggested that ENA provide a template for safe and effective methods of pain management for children undergoing painful procedures. The General Assembly voted to adoped this Resolution and we look forward to ENA’s guidance in improving the management of pain in our pediatric patients in the emergency setting.
In this session attendees learned about using positive language with children, explaining calmly what you need them to do, rather than harsh instructions like “Hold still!” or “This is going to hurt.” She also talked about positioning and its importance in reducing anxiety and pain, as well as some topical anesthetics that are appropriate for children.
It was a very informative and insightful session for anyone who works with pediatric patients.
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